Astrotheology in the Quran, Surah Al-Kahf (The Cave)

Introduction

I present herein the most comprehensive astrotheological discourse that can be found anywhere within the sacred texts of mankind for providing a distinct elucidation of theological principles from the standpoint of hermetic philosophy. The chapter 18 of Quran, known as The Cave, effectively stands as the most extensive discourse on astrotheology within the corpus of Quran. At its onset, it recounts the tale of The Companions of the Cave and Inscriptions, metaphorically representing the astrological planets, together with the 'cave and inscriptions' symbolizing the ecliptic of zodiac. This narrative echoes the Christian rendition of The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus tale, followed by the unfolding of three distinct stories each elucidating The Cardinal Cross, The Mutable Cross, and The Fixed Cross of the zodiac signs. Intermittently, the chapter also expounds upon Islamic theology by distinguishing it from all forms of idolatry through the discourses on morality, spirituality, and metaphysics. However, with a focus on clarity and interest, I shall initially expound upon the three stories corresponding to the three astrological modalities in the reverse order with respect to the chapter 18, i. e. the Fixed, the Mutable, and the Cardinal; and thence subsequently followed by the narrative of The Companions of the Cave.

The Fixed Cross of Zodiac in Action (18, 83–98)

The Fixed Cross of astrological zodiac consists of the signs of Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, and Aquarius. The fixed signs are characterized by stability, determination, and persistence. They are resistant to change and often exhibit rigidity in their attitudes because these signs are associated with the middle of the seasons and signify the establishment and consolidation of energy within the zodiac. The Quran references the Fixed Cross in the following narrative.

83. And they ask you about Dhul-Qarnayn (the two-horned one). Say, “I will recite to you about him a report.”

The character of Dhul-Qarnayn, The Two-Horned One is depicted here as a metaphor for the astrological sign of Taurus, and the mention of two horns directly corresponding to the imagery associated with the bull of Taurus, a fixed sign in the zodiac. The ensuing narrative relates his expedition aimed at establishing order among the fixed signs, and suggests a quest for balance within the enduring qualities epitomized by the fixed signs of the zodiac.

84. Indeed, We established him upon the earth, and We gave him to everything a way.

The verse 84 metaphorically portrays Taurus as a sign within the zodiac characterized by its Earth element and Fixed modality. This symbolic representation suggests that Taurus possesses a natural affinity for the practical aspects of life. The Fixed modality indicates stability and persistence, enabling Taurus to excel in the effective utilization and improvisation of material resources to achieve its goals through a grounded approach towards problems in life, and the ability to navigate challenges with steadfast determination.

85. So he followed a way.

86. Until, when he reached the setting of the sun (i.e., the west), he found it (as if) setting in a spring of dark mud, and he found near it a people. We said, “O Dhul-Qarnayn, either you punish (them) or else adopt among them (a way of) goodness.”

87. He said, “As for one who wrongs, we will punish him. Then he will be returned to his Lord, and He will punish him with a terrible punishment (i.e., Hellfire).

88. But as for one who believes and does righteousness, he will have a reward of the best (i.e., Paradise), and we (i.e., Dhul-Qarnayn) will speak to him from our command with ease.”

The verses 85-87 depict the dynamics between Taurus and its opposite sign, Scorpio. In this context, Scorpio is metaphorically portrayed as a spring of murky water situated at the setting place of the Sun. Astrologically, Scorpio embodies intense emotional behaviors representing deep-seated passions and transformative experiences in humankind. Thus, the narrative also highlights the dispensation of both severe punishments and generous rewards to the people of Scorpio based on their choice of attitudes and actions in life.

89. Then he followed a way.

90. Until, when he came to the rising of the sun (i.e., the east), he found it rising on a people for whom We had not made against it any shield.

91. Thus. And We had encompassed (all) that he had in knowledge.

Here we may observe the interaction of Taurus with the sign of Leo metaphorically as the rising of Sun on a people with no shelter or protection from it, symbolically representing Leo as the zodiac sign governed by the Sun. The sign of Leo is traditionally associated with authority and leadership symbolizing dominion over one's circumstances; thus in verse 91 it encapsulates knowledge pertaining to the loftiest aspects of human nature such as courage, strength, generosity, and magnanimity as the prime qualities associated with the fixed sign of Leo.

92. Then he followed a way.

93. Until, when he reached (a pass) between two mountains, he found beside them a people who could hardly understand (his) speech.

94. They said, “O Dhul-Qarnayn, indeed Gog and Magog are (great) corrupters in the land. So may we assign for you an expenditure that you might make between us and them a barrier?”

95. He said, “That in which my Lord has established me is better, but assist me with strength (i.e., manpower); I will make between you and them a dam.

96. Bring me sheets of iron” — until, when he had levelled (them) between the two mountain walls, he said, “Blow (with bellows),” until when he had made it (like) fire, he said, “Bring me, that I may pour over it molten copper.”

97. So they (i.e., Gog and Magog) were unable to pass over it, nor were they able (to effect) in it any penetration.

98. (Dhul-Qarnayn) said, “This is a mercy from my Lord; but when the promise of my Lord comes (i.e., approaches), He will make it level, and ever is the promise of my Lord true.”

The verse 93 describes the metaphorical affairs of Taurus with the sign of Aquarius. Astrologically, Aquarius is the sign of idiosyncratic independent individuals who would rather rebel than to conform to the prevalent norms and traditions of society; and thus the major trait of singularity ascribed to those people who could barely appreciate the established norms of correspondence associated with the very formal sign of Taurus.

In the verse 94, Gog and Magog represent people from the sign of Scorpio who would corrupt the rich land of material production by unleashing the dark muddy water of sentimental politics; and thereby flooding the fertile land of Taurus with the toxic water of Scorpio. Therefore, Gog and Magog metaphorically depict the two extreme ends of a political spectrum that is manifested through the intensity of polarization caused by the excessive levels of friction and conflict in a society. Consequently, the sign of Aquarius being representative of the suppressed aspirations of mankind for the common good of humanity had called for the construction of a barrier as a dam in order to hold back the raging emotionally charged water of political Scorpio from wreaking havoc to the flourishing wholesome earth of Taurus by causing strife through social divisiveness in a community.

It is also worth mentioning here that Aquarius even offered material assets to defend the earth sign against the incursions of Scorpio; but the unqualified proposal was disregarded because Taurus had no need for wealth as being itself quite self-sufficient in the domain of material resources; therefore, instead of the financial funding Taurus would only demand the necessary workforce from Aquarius to support the project for their mutual protection from the detrimental activities of Scorpio. Moreover, the verse 96 has to be the most fascinating verse in this entire anecdote; for Taurus arranges the sheets of Iron (the metal of Mars) in order to construct the iron wall in the gap between Scorpio and Aquarius, and then directs Aquarius to blow the Air (the element of Aquarius) until the wall becomes like a fire (the element of Leo) for the molten iron sheets to be welded together, and then pours copper over it (the metal of Venus) for protection of the iron wall against corrosion by transforming it into an alloy of copper and iron. Thus, a barrier (the square angle) was established between Aquarius and Scorpio by the mutual efforts of Aquarius and Taurus, something which the corrupt Gog and Magog (Scorpio) could neither manage to breach nor surmount successfully.

And finally, the verse 98 foretells that the erected barrier would have to be leveled in due course of time because the phrase ‘promise of the Lord’ here is actually a metaphor for the advent of the mutable signs, whose arrival would break every barrier of The Fixed Cross by changing the modality in the patterns of life.

The Mutable Cross of Zodiac in Action (18, 60–82)

The Mutable Cross of astrological zodiac consists of the signs of Pisces, Virgo, Sagittarius, and Gemini. The mutable signs are adaptable, flexible, and characterized by a willingness to change, and an ability to adjust to new circumstances. They are also adept at communication, and often excel in diverse environments due to their versatility. They signify the transition between seasons and possess the capacity to facilitate change and growth. The following anecdote expounds the affairs of mutable signs in Quran through an allegory of the fractious fellowship between the logically minded Moses and al-Khidhr, the wise.

60. And (mention) when Moses said to his boy (i.e., servant), “I will not cease (travelling) until I reach the junction of the two seas or continue for a long period.”

61. But when they reached the junction between them, they forgot their fish, and it took its course into the sea, slipping away.

62. So when they had passed beyond it, (Moses) said to his boy, “Bring us our morning meal. We have certainly suffered in this, our journey, (much) fatigue.”

63. He said, “Did you see when we retired to the rock? Indeed, I forgot the fish. And none made me forget it except Satan — that I should mention it. And it took its course into the sea amazingly.”

64. (Moses) said, “That is what we were seeking.” So they returned, following their footprints.

When Moses decides to travel to the junction of the two seas, he is metaphorically attempting to reach the domain of Pisces. The sign of Pisces in astrology is symbolized by ‘the two fishes’ who would always be swimming in the contradictory currents of water because they come across each other at the meeting point of two rivers that flow in the opposite directions.

The verse 63 also suggests that Moses might have undertaken an arduous journey to reach the domain of Pisces, because it happens to be the last sign of the zodiac. However, when Moses had reached the desired destination then the fish carried by his servant would mysteriously slip into the sea to acquire its freedom since it had reached the dominion of fishes; and therefore, Moses became very tiresome in the journey because he could not possibly had traveled any further into the zodiac signs without first going through the magical adventures presented to him by the mystical sign of Pisces.

65. And they found a servant from among Our servants (i.e., al-Khidhr) to whom We had given mercy from Us and had taught him from Us a (certain) knowledge.

66. Moses said to him, “May I follow you on (the condition) that you teach me from what you have been taught of sound judgement?”

When Moses revisited the confluence of two rivers within the domain of Pisces, he encountered a mystical figure known as al-Khidhr, who was renowned for his profound wisdom and intuitive insight, reflective of the psychic disposition associated with the astrological sign of Pisces. Thereby recognizing the mastery of al-Khidhr in the divine knowledge of intuitive discernment, Moses earnestly besought him for guidance in acquiring this unique faculty of judgement, and seeking illumination to resolve the intricate problems related to the challenging situations of the world.

67. He said, “Indeed, with me you will never be able to have patience.

68. And how can you have patience for what you do not encompass in knowledge?”

69. (Moses) said, “You will find me, if Allah wills, patient, and I will not disobey you in (any) order.”

70. He said, “Then if you follow me, do not ask me about anything until I make to you about it mention (i.e., explanation).”

Moses was granted the opportunity to accompany al-Khidhr in the quest for wisdom but with a crucial stipulation that he must exhibit patience towards unconventional and perplexing behaviors of al-Khidhr at certain critical times. These actions might initially seem bewildering to Moses yet he was required to refrain from judgment and await al-Khidhr's subsequent elucidation and guidance.

This condition would not merely test his capacity for patience but also underscored the significance of trust and faith in the process of acquiring knowledge from an enlightened spiritual teacher. It highlighted the notion that wisdom would often only be unraveled through enduring challenges and embracing uncertainty, with the truth eventually revealed by way of the inner sanctum of ones spiritual growth rather than from the outer dimensions of self-righteous configuration.

71. So they set out, until when they had embarked on the ship, he (i.e., al-Khidhr) tore it open. (Moses) said, “Have you torn it open to drown its people? You have certainly done a grave thing.”

72. (Al-Khidhr) said, “Did I not say that with me you would never be able to have patience?”

73. (Moses) said, “Do not blame me for what I forgot and do not cover me in my matter with difficulty.”

The vessel that al-Khidhr deliberately damaged serves as a metaphorical representation of the opposite astrological sign of Virgo. Virgo is symbolized by the virgin and embodies the characteristics of purity and perfection much like the intact ship. However, Moses struggled to comprehend the reason why al-Khidhr had chosen to damage the ship that represented the state of a virgin, thus leading to his first reprimand by al-Khidhr. Notwithstanding his chastisement, Moses was compelled to apologize for his ineptitude in order to proceed with their journey.

This allegorical incident also illustrates a deeper symbolic meaning that by damaging the ship, al-Khidhr challenges Moses to confront the imperfections inherent within the most pristine states of excellence. The action of al-Khidhr serves as a lesson in accepting the flaws and disruptions in life even though they might seem contrary to our higher expectations of quality and refinement. Therefore, the apology of Moses signifies his acknowledgment of the divine guidance with humility and grace, despite of that being challanging his preconceptions about the very nature of reality in the world.

74. So they set out, until when they met a boy, he (i.e., al-Khidhr) killed him. (Moses) said, “Have you killed a pure soul for other than (having killed) a soul? You have certainly done a deplorable thing.”

75. (Al-Khidhr) said, “Did I not tell you that with me you would never be able to have patience?”

76. (Moses) said, “If I should ask you about anything after this, then do not keep me as a companion. You have obtained from me an excuse.”

Moses is once more bewildered by al-Khidhr's seemingly drastic action of taking the life of what is symbolically referred to as a 'pure soul' representing the astrological sign of Virgo. This situation highlights a downright disparity between mere logic and profound wisdom. While a logical mind tends to analyze situations based on the presented facts within a confined framework, the wise delve deeper by seeking to understand the hidden intricacies and foreseeing potential outcomes extending far beyond the present moment of life. Because logic might only operate within the constraints of a closed system of conventional existence, whereas wisdom would transcend boundaries by exploring the universal truths that underpin every dimension of reality.

In this instance, the logical mindset of Moses clashed with the extraordinary nature of the situation, and therefore Moses had to acknowledge his failure to perceive the concealed corruption beneath the guise of propriety, and consequently apologized to al-Khidhr for his limited perspective into the profound workings of the universe. This narrative underscores the importance of humility for the recognition of deeper truths beyond their surface appearances in navigating through the complexities of life.

77. So they set out, until when they came to the people of a town, they asked its people for food, but they refused to offer them hospitality. And they found therein a wall about to collapse, so he (i.e., al-Khidhr) restored it. (Moses) said, “If you wished, you could have taken for it a payment.”

78. (Al-Khidhr) said, “This is parting between me and you. I will inform you of the interpretation of that about which you could not have patience.

In astrology, Virgo is symbolized by a maiden holding an ear of corn in her left hand and a staff or rod in her right hand. Virgo represents the period of harvest that occurs at the conclusion of the summer season, and therefore despite having an abundance of stored food, the sign exercises careful discretion in its consumption whilst recognizing the impending seasons of autumn and winter.

In verse 77, 'the people of town' metaphorically represent Virgo, characterized by their cautious approach to utilizing their food resources. The mention of 'the wall' being damaged and subsequently repaired by al-Khidhr symbolizes the square angle between Virgo and Gemini in astrology.

Despite the best efforts of Moses to tread along the road of wisdom, the actions of al-Khidhr remained incomprehensible to him, and that led to Moses being dropped as a student by al-Khidhr. The situation depicts the theme of discordance between the two characters, as Moses struggles to grasp the deeper significance of mystical behavior acted upon by al-Khidhr culminating in their parting of the ways.

79. As for the ship, it belonged to poor people working at sea. So I intended to cause defect in it as there was after them a king who seized every (good) ship by force.

In verse 79, al-Khidhr provides insight into his puzzling actions by explaining that damaging the ship (symbolizing Virgo) was a response to the looming threat posed by a tyrannical king (representing Leo, which is adjacent to Virgo in the zodiac). This explanation suggests that al-Khidhr's seemingly destructive behavior was driven by a desire to confront and mitigate the oppressive influence of authority from Leo. The aggressive actions of the king from Leo who was attempting an expansion into the neighboring domain of Virgo had created a situation where al-Khidhr felt compelled to take action to protect autonomy and integrity of Virgo.

This interpretation illustrates how acts of wisdom are often influenced by larger cosmic patterns rather than mere schemes of personal nature. By damaging the ship, al-Khidhr was not acting randomly but responding to a universal dynamic, whereby the clash between Leo's authority and Virgo's sovereignty required intervention from an agent of higher intelligence. In essence, it emphasizes the idea that within an astrological framework, the human actions cannot merely be some standalone occurrences but are rather interconnected with the broader outlook in the design of nature.

80. And as for the boy, his parents were believers, and we feared that he would overburden them by transgression and disbelief.

81. So we intended that their Lord should substitute for them one better than him in purity and nearer to mercy.

Al-Khidhr suggested that the seemingly innocent boy (representing Virgo) actually harbored mischievous tendencies that would have led his parents astray into various false temptations resulting in their moral decline. The decision of al-Khidhr to kill the boy with corrupt leanings was actually driven by a desire to prevent moral degeneration, and to uphold righteousness within the family unit. It emphasizes the significance of astute judgement in recognizing potential moral pitfalls alongside taking proactive measures to rectify the burgeoning situation. Therefore, it was necessary to replace him with someone possessing the moral etiquette conducive to leading a noble life.

82. And as for the wall, it belonged to two orphan boys in the city, and there was beneath it a treasure for them, and their father had been righteous. So your Lord intended that they reach maturity and extract their treasure, as a mercy from your Lord. And I did it not of my own accord. That is the interpretation of that about which you could not have patience.”

The Two Orphan Boys metaphorically represent The Twins of the Gemini sign. The treasure concealed beneath the Wall corresponds to the riches associated with Taurus, the neighboring sign to Gemini. Additionally, the Righteous Father figure who is protecting the Two Boys, symbolically embodies the qualities of Sagittarius which is positioned opposite to Gemini in the zodiac.

The acknowledgment of al-Khidhr that his actions were guided by the Mercy of the Lord suggests a deeper lesson for Moses. It implies that right actions are not always synonymous with ideal actions, emphasizing the importance of understanding the divine guidance beyond mere human perception. This insight challenges conventional notions of right and wrong by encouraging a deeper examination of moral complexities, and the necessity of divine wisdom in navigating through a human life.

The Cardinal Cross of Zodiac in Action (18, 32–42)

The Cardinal Cross of astrological zodiac consists of the signs of Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn. The cardinal signs signify the beginning of seasons and are associated with the energy of initiation and new beginnings. They are dynamic and proactive, often pioneering change and setting trends as they possess a natural drive to achieve their goals, and are inclined towards leadership roles. They are known for their ambition, assertiveness, and act as catalysts for progress and growth. The chapter 18 of Quran presents the Cardinal Cross through the following anecdote.

32. And present to them an example of two men: We granted to one of them two gardens of grapevines, and We bordered them with palm trees and placed between them (fields of) crops.

33. Each of the two gardens produced its fruit and did not fall short thereof in anything. And We caused to gush forth within them a river.

The story of the two men serves as an allegory depicting the conflict between individual desires and principles of fairness in the affairs of mankind. In this tale, one man asserts control over the land and symbolically corresponds to the sign of Aries, given its vicinity to Taurus (the sign associated with material wealth), whereas the other man embodies fairness and is aligned with Libra, adjacent to Scorpio (the sign associated with political principles). The two gardens represent the two earth signs of Taurus and Virgo, one each in the neighborhood of Aries and Libra respectively; and the river flowing around them symbolizes the sign of Cancer.

The anecdote implies that the individual associated with Aries displays arrogance by attempting to keep the produce of both gardens, whether the one near his own domain or the one in the vicinity of Libra. This self-centered behavior is portrayed as a reluctance to share the plentiful harvests of the gardens with others, thereby causing them to endure scarcity and deprivation of sustenance among fellow humankind. This analysis emphasizes the contrast between selfishness and fairness, illustrating the detrimental effects of prioritizing selfish interests over the welfare of others, and the significance of distributing the resources of nature equitably for the benefit of all humanity.

34. And he had fruit, so he said to his companion while he was conversing with him, “I am greater than you in wealth and mightier in (numbers of) men.”

35. And he entered his garden while he was unjust to himself. He said, “I do not think that this will perish — ever.

36. And I do not think the Hour will occur. And even if I should be brought back to my Lord, I will surely find better than this as a return.”

The man representing Aries conveys to the Libra man his belief in the superiority of his wealth and authority, thereby bragging about his worldly standing and considering it as everlasting. He perceives his success to be an evidence of divine favoritism, assuming that he deserves these blessings regardless of his actions or efforts. This attitude displays a sense of entitlement and arrogance, indicating a belief in an inherent right to privilege and prosperity. Moreover, it implies a lack of humility and appreciation for the blessings one receives, instead attributing success solely to personal worthiness rather than external factors associated with the divine grace.

37. His companion said to him while he was conversing with him, “Have you disbelieved in He who created you from dust and then from a sperm-drop and then proportioned you (as) a man?

38. But as for me, He is Allah, my Lord, and I do not associate with my Lord anyone.

39. And why did you, when you entered your garden, not say, ‘What Allah willed (has occurred); there is no power except in Allah’? Although you see me less than you in wealth and children.

The Libra man criticizes the Aries man of being arrogant and ungrateful for the blessings bestowed upon him by the divine ordinance. Here, Libra reminds Aries of his humble beginnings by recounting the events from his birth and subsequent developments that shaped his material and emotional inclinations over a period of time. Libra emphasizes the transient nature of life by explaining that the immortality of static existence holds no relevance to the essence of a human life which is characterized by growth and transformation. Furthermore, Libra issues a solemn warning to Aries by cautioning him against complacency induced by the illusion of permanence in his current state of prosperity; and the possibility of adversity looming on the horizon serving as a sobering reminder of the ever-shifting tides of fate, prompting Aries to reevaluate his sense of entitlement by cultivating a spirit of humility and gratitude in life.

40. It may be that my Lord will give me (something) better than your garden and will send upon it a calamity from the sky, and it will become a smooth, dusty ground.

The creative potential inherent in the cardinal signs stems from their collective efforts to function as a constructive unit of divine order, thereby contributing to the intricate tapestry of life in the natural world. The sign of Libra forewarns of a looming catastrophe, a disruption in the celestial blueprint caused by the reckless disregard of Cardinal fire sign of Aries for the well being of Taurus and Virgo. Therefore, the Cardinal earth sign of Capricorn has to intervene in order to protect the fellow earth signs of Taurus and Virgo from Aries by presenting itself as a substitution for them. Therefore, 'a calamity from the sky' through the manifestation of a frigid barren wasteland of Capricorn would serve as an ominous reminder to Aries of the consequences of divine retribution; henceforth whenever and wherever the mindset of selfishness overrides the values of wisdom and compassion in men for upholding the moral integrity of life.

41. Or its water will become sunken (into the earth), so you would never be able to seek it.”

Furthermore, the distortion in cosmic order instigated by Aries prompts a response from the Cardinal sign of Cancer, which withdraws its element water into the depths of the earth. Thus, the very water of Cancer that previously caused the earth signs of Taurus and Virgo to flourish with an abundance of natural life, now disappears into the earth of its opposite sign Capricorn to unleash a barren wasteland, thence for Aries to endure on account of its arrogance. Consequently, whenever Aries ascends on the horizon, the sign of Cancer occupies the position known as Imum Coeli (IC), situated at the lowest point of the celestial dome to symbolize its retreat and withdrawal, reflecting a reversal of fortune and a shifting balance of cosmic energies for the Cardinal Cross of the zodiac.

42. And his fruits were encompassed (by ruin), so he began to turn his hands about (in dismay) over what he had spent on it, while it had collapsed upon its trellises, and said, “Oh, I wish I had not associated with my Lord anyone.”

The bane of Aries signifies the manifestation of universal order reasserting itself in the face of disruptive chaos caused by the aberrant disposition of humankind. The downfall of Aries symbolizes the defeat of vanity, arrogance, and selfishness, paving the way for the restoration of authenticity and integrity in life. Therefore, whosoever disturbs the natural order of existence inevitably clashes with the universal patterns associated with it, and consequently experiences the repercussions proportional to the magnitude of their interference in the grand design of life.

This narrative serves as a poignant reminder of the intricate interplay between celestial forces, emphasizing the cyclical nature of cosmic phenomena and the dynamic relationship between opposing astrological influences in the world. It underscores the inherent balance and harmony within the cosmos, wherein disruptions to this equilibrium would lead to corrective measures aimed at reinstating the cosmic order of life. Thus, the bane of Aries serves as a cautionary tale, illustrating the consequences of defying the natural laws governing existence and reinforcing the enduring principles of cosmic justice.

The Companions of Cave and Inscriptions (18, 9–26)

The narrative of The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus holds significant reverence across diverse religious traditions, serving as a profound symbol of steadfast devotion and resolute resilience amidst times of adversity and persecution. This tale exemplifies the abiding strength of those who would remain true to their convictions even in the face of tyranny and oppression. It is a timeless testament to the transformative power of faith to overcome seemingly insurmountable challenges, and to the divine protection afforded to those who would remain indefatigable in their quest for truth. The Quran recounts this tale in the following fashion.

9. Or have you thought that the companions of the cave and the inscription were, among Our signs, a wonder?

Here, The Companions of Cave and Inscriptions metaphorically represent the astrological planets of zodiac, whilst the zodiac itself is depicted as The Cave of Inscriptions.

10. (Mention) when the youths retreated to the cave and said, “Our Lord, grant us from Yourself mercy and prepare for us from our affair right guidance.”

In verse 10, the portrayal of planets as 'youths' praying for the divine favor of orderly movement within the zodiac signifies a profound theological principle in Islam: the concept of a human life as submission to a higher divine authority. This principle hinges on the dynamic interplay between 'the passive principle' and 'the active principle', where obedience to divine guidance is deemed the correct course of action in all affairs of life. The word Islam is etymologically rooted in 'submission', delineates itself from pagan ideologies by prioritizing submission to a celestial divine authority over earthly entities or idols.

Central to this standpoint is the notion that earthly existence of life must align with the dominion of heaven through humankind, who are perceived as God's vicegerents on earth. Human beings therefore, possessing both divine consciousness and earthly physicality can also serve as conduits for manifesting heavenly order on earth for all life. When individuals adhere to divine guidance then their actions reflect the divine order of the celestial realm resulting in a harmonious coexistence of living beings throughout the universe.

Conversely, deviating from divine intelligence would lead to chaos and moral degradation manifesting as darkness and corruption in human affairs. The philosophical underpinning here suggests that the purpose of humanity is to submit to heavenly guidance, thereby facilitating a harmonious coexistence with all other earthly creatures. In this hierarchical framework, humans are expected to exercise stewardship over the earth by ensuring that all creation aligns with its respective heavenly mandate. This perspective underscores the role of humanity in upholding divine order on earth through the alignment of human affairs with divine guidance, serving as the principle constitution of ethical conduct for every collective organization in life.

11. So We cast (a cover of sleep) over their ears within the cave for a number of years.

The verse 11 demonstrates the transformative power of divine mercy and guidance in fostering a harmonious coexistence, represented by the companions prolonged sleep in the cave. This period of slumber metaphorically signifies a state of inner peace, tranquility, and spiritual alignment with the cosmic order. The cave often symbolizes a place of retreat and introspection in mystical traditions, becomes a sanctuary where the companions experience a profound sense of unity with the divine and with one another. Their prolonged sleep denotes a suspension of worldly concerns and attachments, allowing them to enter a state of deep spiritual peace and receptivity to divine guidance.

12. Then We awakened them that We might show which of the two factions was most precise in calculating what (extent) they had remained in time.

In verse 12, the awakening of the companions from their extended slumber serves as a test of their awareness and fidelity to the principles of peaceful coexistence. It symbolizes a moment of awakening or enlightenment, where they are called upon to reaffirm their commitment to the values of justice, harmony, and compassion.

13. It is We who relate to you, (O Muhammad), their story in truth. Indeed, they were youths who believed in their Lord, and We increased them in guidance.

14. And We bound (i.e., made firm) their hearts when they stood up and said, “Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. Never will we invoke besides Him any deity. We would have certainly spoken, then, an excessive transgression.

15. These, our people, have taken besides Him deities. Why do they not bring for (worship of) them a clear authority? And who is more unjust than one who invents about Allah a lie?”

The defiance of false gods embodies a profound commitment to truth, authenticity, and moral integrity by rejecting superficiality and illusion in favor of deeper spiritual understanding and genuine wisdom. In confronting false gods individuals are called upon to exercise discernment, skepticism, and intellectual rigor in order to distinguish between genuine spiritual insights and deceptive illusions. Moreover, the act of defiance also represents a courageous assertion of one's autonomy and moral agency in the face of external pressures and manipulative influences of society to passively accept conventional beliefs without questioning their validity or authenticity. Therefore, the attitude serves as a testament to the transformative power of critical thinking and intellectual inquiry in the pursuit of spiritual truth and moral clarity; and thereby encouraging individuals to cultivate a sense of inner discernment and moral courage, empowering them to challenge falsehoods, confront illusions, and embrace genuine spiritual truths that resonate with their deepest values and convictions.

16. (The youths said to one another), “And when you have withdrawn from them and that which they worship other than Allah, retreat to the cave. Your Lord will spread out for you of His mercy and will prepare for you from your affair facility.”

The narrative suggests that true awareness does not merely come from worldly pursuits of external achievements, but from an inner journey of spiritual awakening in alignment with divine principles. It underscores the importance of cultivating a state of inner peace as a prerequisite for meaningful engagement towards fostering harmonious relationships in the world. Moreover, the companions had renounced the false traditions of society by withdrawing themselves into the cave because the quest for spiritual enlightenment happens to be an ongoing process that requires constant vigilance, self-reflection, and adherence to divine guidance. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between inner contemplation and outward actions in the pursuit of a harmonious life.

17. And (had you been present), you would see the sun when it rose, inclining away from their cave on the right, and when it set, passing away from them on the left, while they were (laying) within an open space thereof. That was from the signs of Allah. He whom Allah guides is the (rightly) guided, but he whom He leaves astray — never will you find for him a protecting guide.

The mention of the Sun's movement around the cave, representing the zodiac depicts the idea of cosmic harmony and the role of celestial bodies in shaping the patterns of life. The companions are described as being in an open space, symbolizing the vastness of the ecliptic circle of the zodiac. This imagery suggests a profound connection between the celestial realm and human destiny, implying that individuals are influenced by the movements of the heavenly bodies. The reference to the sleepers turning within their sleep, mirroring the natural motion of planets in forward and retrograde cycles, emphasizes the cyclical nature of cosmic phenomena expressing the ebb and flow of life's experiences, with individuals navigating through various seasons of growth, change, and transformation. Furthermore, the verse suggests that those guided by the divinity would recognize the signs, indicating a higher level of attunement to the cosmic forces achieved  by the sages through contemplation on the interconnectedness of celestial and earthly realms, and thereby inviting individuals to navigate their journey of life with wisdom, insight, and spiritual awareness.

18. And you would think them awake, while they were asleep. And We turned them to the right and to the left, while their dog stretched his forelegs at the entrance. If you had looked at them, you would have turned from them in flight and been filled by them with terror.

The verse 18 delves into the symbolism of the movements of celestial bodies, particularly the planets and the star Sirius, and their correlation with human perception and understanding. The mention of observing the planets moving towards the right and left signifies the apparent motion of planets in the sky, including their forward and retrograde movements as observed from Earth.

Additionally, the reference to the dog, symbolized by the star Sirius, highlights the contrast between the fixed position of the star and the seemingly erratic motion of the planets. Sirius, known as Canis Majoris is traditionally associated with the constellation Canis Major, and often depicted as 'a dog' in mythology. This also holds significance in astrology because Sirius is located in the sign of Cancer which heralds the onset of the hot summer season known as the Dog Days in ancient Egyptian culture. Furthermore, the imagery of Sirius remaining static amidst the apparent movement of the planets serves as a metaphor for stability and constancy amid the flux of cosmic phenomena. It suggests that while celestial bodies may undergo cycles of change and movement, certain fixed points such as Sirius serve as anchors or reference points in the ever-changing celestial landscape.

The verse 18 invites contemplation on the interplay between movement and stability, change and constancy, transformation and continuity, as evident both in the celestial realm and the human experiences of life. The imagery reflects the dynamic cyclical nature of planetary orbits creating ever inventive patterns of existence in their trajectory across the celestial sphere, and underscores the need for discernment to perceive the underlying order and harmony that governs the constitution of this cosmic universe.

19. And similarly, We awakened them that they might question one another. Said a speaker from among them, “How long have you remained (here)?” They said, “We have remained a day or part of a day.” They said, “Your Lord is most knowing of how long you remained. So send one of you with this silver coin of yours to the city and let him look to which is the best of food and bring you provision from it and let him be cautious. And let no one be aware of you.

The verse 19 offers profound insights into the nature of spiritual awakening and the timeless essence of truth. The companions awaken from their prolonged slumber and question each other about the duration of their sleep, yet could not find any clear answer. This suggests that when someone embraces truth and submits to divine guidance then the time loses its grip on the person, and thereby he remains spiritually rejuvenated and vibrant being quite untouched by the passage of time.

Furthermore, the narrative depicts one of the companions venturing into the city to procure provisions, harboring fear of the city dwellers who had rejected divine guidance. This episode highlights the futility of material pursuits and the inherent wastefulness of a worldly existence by suggesting that the more one indulges in materialism, the more one squanders spiritual richness, and consequently veers away from the path of righteousness. Conversely, those who align themselves with heavenly principles find themselves preserved and enriched by transcending the transient allure of worldly possessions.

20. Indeed, if they come to know of you, they will stone you or return you to their religion. And never would you succeed, then — ever.”

Upon arising from their prolonged slumber, the companions experience a transcendent awakening to their higher divine selves. This awakening represents a shift in consciousness from a state of spiritual dormancy to one of heightened awareness and enlightenment. They become cognizant of the divine authority that governs their existence and acknowledge their submission to it. Spiritually, this awakening symbolizes the recognition of one's true nature and purpose in the cosmic order, and signifies the awakening of the soul to its divine origins through the realization of its inherent connection to the higher spiritual realms. The companions declaration of submission to heaven reflects a profound acceptance of the divine will, and a willingness to align their lives with divine principles and guidance.

In essence, the awakening of the companions to their higher divine selves and their declaration of submission to heaven symbolize a journey of spiritual growth, self-discovery, and alignment with divine truth. It embodies the principles of self-realization, surrender to divine will, and the pursuit of truth and authenticity in the quest for spiritual enlightenment.

21. And similarly, We caused them to be found that they (who found them) would know that the promise of Allah is truth and that of the Hour there is no doubt. (That was) when they disputed among themselves about their affair and (then) said, “Construct over them a structure. Their Lord is most knowing about them.” Said those who prevailed in the matter, “We will surely take (for ourselves) over them a masjid.”

The people of the city become aware of the miraculous nature of the companions of the cave, recognizing the heavenly superiority that permeates their existence. However, despite this realization they find themselves embroiled in disputes that reveals the lingering influence of their materialistic tendencies and worldly attachments. Nevertheless, the prevailing sentiment among the people ultimately leans towards consecrating the space occupied by the companions for worship. This decision signifies a shift in consciousness as the community begins to acknowledge the sanctity and divine significance of the cave. It reflects a collective awakening to the presence of higher truths and a willingness to embrace spiritual practices as a means of connecting with the divine.

This narrative underscores the transformative power of spiritual experiences and the potential for individuals and communities to transcend material concerns in pursuit of higher spiritual ideals. It highlights the importance of recognizing and honoring the sacred in everyday life, even amidst the distractions and temptations of the material world.

22. They (i.e., people) will say there were three, the fourth of them being their dog; and they will say there were five, the sixth of them being their dog — guessing at the unseen; and they will say there were seven, and the eighth of them was their dog. Say, (O Muhammad), “My Lord is most knowing of their number. None knows them except a few. So do not argue about them except with an obvious argument and do not inquire about them among (the speculators) from anyone.”

The verse 22 holds profound significance within the chapter, as it offers insights into the true nature of the 'companions of the cave', suggesting that they represent the planets of the zodiac. The verse describes how the people attempted to count the companions and their dog, arriving at various numbers such as 'three, and their dog the fourth', and also 'five, and their dog the sixth',  but the Quran categorically rejected those counts as mere 'guessing at the unseen'. However, interestingly enough the Quran did not phrase it as a random guesswork at the mention of 'seven, and their dog the eight', thereby suggesting the astrological understanding of seven visible planets alongside Sirius, the 'dog star'. Additionally, the verse also acknowledges the possibility of distant planets by stating that only the Lord knows their true number, and discouraging dogmatic assertions based on limited knowledge; a notion confirmed by the modern astronomical discoveries of Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. This acknowledgement of the unexplored space serves as a reminder of the vastness of the grand universe, and thereby urging humility and open-mindedness in the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom.

23. And never say of anything, “Indeed, I will do that tomorrow,”

24. Except (when adding), “If Allah wills.” And remember your Lord when you forget (it) and say, “Perhaps my Lord will guide me to what is nearer than this to right conduct.”

The verses 23-24 articulate a fundamental principle of Islamic theology to signify the seeking of divine guidance and assistance in all aspects of human life. This guidance is symbolically represented by the concept of "heaven," which encompasses the divine wisdom, providence, and support that individuals can draw upon in their endeavors of life.

From a philosophical standpoint, these verses underscore the belief in divine sovereignty and the recognition of human limitations. They suggest that human beings, despite their intellect and agency, are ultimately dependent on higher powers for guidance and success. Just as plants require sunlight to grow and thrive, individuals require the spiritual nourishment of divine guidance to navigate the complexities of life and achieve their goals. In essence, these verses convey the idea that human efforts alone may not always suffice without the support and blessings of the divine by encouraging humility and reliance on higher principles and forces beyond human control; and thereby, acknowledging the significance of divine intervention, individuals are reminded of their place within a larger cosmic order inherent within the fabric of all existence.

25. And they remained in their cave for three hundred years and exceeded by nine.

26. Say, “Allah is most knowing of how long they remained. He has (knowledge of) the unseen (aspects) of the heavens and the earth. How Seeing is He and how Hearing! They have not besides Him any protector, and He shares not His legislation with anyone.”

The verse 25 provides insight into the duration of the companions stay in the cave, employing a style that hints at a comparison between the solar and lunar calendars. This comparison highlights the difference in the lengths of the two calendars, with the lunar calendar consisting of approximately 12.4 months per a solar year. As a result, the 300 years mentioned in the solar calendar equate to approximately 309 years in the lunar calendar.

This comparison between the solar and lunar calendars symbolizes the interplay between the active and passive principles of the universe. The solar calendar is associated with the active principle represented by the Sun, in contrast to the lunar calendar which embodies the passive principle represented by the Moon. This juxtaposition reflects the dynamic relationship between these celestial bodies whose harmonious interaction gives rise to the ecliptic circle, and thereby producing the twelve signs of the zodiac.

The verse 26 concludes the anecdote by emphasizing the importance of seeking guidance and protection solely from the heavens. This affirmation underscores the belief in divine guidance and providence by encouraging individuals to align themselves with higher spiritual principles rather than relying solely on worldly means; thus, offering a profound reflection on the cosmic order and the significance of celestial influences in shaping human destiny.

A Visit to the Cave on Fridays

On Fridays, which are astrologically governed by the planet Venus, Muslims are encouraged to gather for congregational prayers to fully benefit from the influence of planet Venus. Additionally, there are traditions attributed to Prophet Muhammad highlighting the significance of reciting this chapter on Fridays for added blessings. These narrations underscore the importance of spiritual observance and the recognition of celestial influences in Islamic traditions.

Abu Sa’id al-Khudri reports that the Prophet said: “Whoever recites Surah al-Kahf on Jumu’ah (Friday) will have illumination from the light from one Jumu’ah (Friday) to the next.” Related by an-Nasa’i, al-Baihaqi, and al-Hakim.

Ibn ‘Umar reports that the Prophet said: “Whoever recites Surah al-Kahf on Jumu’ah (Friday) will be blessed with a light that will rise from underneath his feet to the peak of the sky. This will be a light for him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will be forgiven for what is between the Jumu’ah (Friday) and the next Jumu’ah (Friday).” Related by Ibn Mardwwiyah.

The Prophet said, “If anyone recites Surah al-Kahf on Friday, a light will shine brightly for him till the next Friday.” Related by Bayhaqi. Al-Tirmidhi Hadith 2175. Narrated by Abu Sa’id.

The significance of reading The Cave on Fridays, as emphasized in narrations attributed to Prophet Muhammad, can be understood by recognizing the three protagonists from the anecdotes of this chapter through their astrological associations. Firstly, Dhul-Qarnayn, representing Taurus, is the hero of the story involving fixed signs. Secondly, al-Khidhr, symbolizing Pisces, is the central figure in the narrative related to mutable signs. Lastly, the God-fearing man, associated with Libra, is the protagonist in the story concerning cardinal signs. It is noteworthy that both Taurus and Libra are ruled by Venus, whilst Pisces is the sign of exaltation for Venus.

This astrological alignment suggests a harmonious connection between the themes of the chapter and the influence of Venus, which is particularly potent on Fridays. The presence of Venus-associated signs and the exaltation of Venus in Pisces may amplify the spiritual and beneficial effects of reading The Cave on this day, according to the guidance of prophet Muhammad. This perspective underscores the integration of astrological symbolism within the religious practices of Islam, and also highlights the nuanced relationship between celestial influences and spiritual observance in Islam.

The End Note

These anecdotes of Quran provide a deep contemplation on the cosmic harmony and the impact of celestial forces on human life. They prompt individuals to acknowledge the interconnected nature of celestial events and the role they play in determining the course of human destiny. Through emphasizing the connection between the celestial realm and the mundane world, they advocate for a holistic approach to spirituality by encouraging individuals to integrate the divine guidance into every facet of their existence. Therefore, this astrotheological perspective underscores the idea that our destinies are intertwined with the movements of the stars and planets, and that by aligning ourselves with the cosmic order, we can find greater harmony and fulfillment in our lives.

That brings us to the end of this article. I hope you found it both captivating and enlightening. Allow me to conclude with a verse from the Quran.

We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth. But is it not sufficient concerning your Lord that He is, over all things, a Witness? (41, 53)